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Private Wealth · B2B Fintech

When finding risk takes 40 minutes

Wealth advisors had no way to see over-exposed clients at a glance. I designed a risk console that surfaces the right clients in 30 seconds, not 40 minutes.

80×
Faster — 40 min to 30 sec to surface at-risk clients
200 clients
Generated data powering the prototype
3 dimensions
Rate · Credit · Concentration risk

The challenge: Build a risk explorer that makes the right clients obvious, not a dashboard nobody reads. Three risk factors, 200 clients, one sorted table.

Self-initiated
TypeSelf-initiated case study
DomainPrivate wealth · B2B fintech
DeliverablesCase study + working prototype
Year2026
The Problem
  • No way to see over-exposed clients without cross-referencing spreadsheets
  • Reviews took 40 minutes per cycle. That was just to find the problem clients.
  • Nothing surfaced risk proactively. Everything was reactive.
What I did
  • Designed a risk explorer that ranks clients by exposure automatically
  • Three risk dimensions computed per client, shown as a sortable table
  • Drill-down panel with the full position breakdown on click
Result
  • 30 seconds to surface the most at-risk clients, down from 40 minutes
  • Working prototype with 200 generated clients: real sort, real filter, real drill-down
  • Full case study showing before-state, rationale, and decision log

01 · Context

A proxy for private-wealth work I can't show.

Most of my design work at Northern Trust is under NDA. Rather than leave that domain off my portfolio, I built Meridian: a self-initiated concept that addresses a real problem I saw in private-wealth risk tooling, using generated data so nothing proprietary surfaces.

Meridian is not a Northern Trust product. It's a design exercise. The point is to show I can work through complex financial data: information density, what advisors actually need to see, and how to keep a high-stakes interface from becoming noise.

Company
Fictional (concept)
Domain
Private wealth management
Users
Wealth advisors, portfolio analysts
Data
200 generated clients, 3 risk factors each
What's real
The problem space, the design decisions

02 · The Problem

Identifying over-exposed clients took 40 minutes. That was the baseline.

Legacy risk tooling in private wealth is built around reports, not decisions. An advisor who wanted to know which clients had too much rate exposure had to open a PDF, cross-reference a spreadsheet, and mentally rank dozens of accounts. Every review cycle.

Nothing surfaced risk proactively. If a client was dangerously concentrated in rate-sensitive bonds, the tool wouldn't tell you. You had to go looking. And going looking took 40 minutes of the kind of work that should take 30 seconds.

  • No ranked view. Every client looked the same regardless of exposure level.
  • Three risk dimensions (rate, credit, concentration) tracked in separate reports
  • Drill-down required opening a new report for each client, one at a time
  • Nothing was persistent. The next review cycle started from scratch.
  • Over-exposure discovered reactively, after the client had already taken on too much risk

Before: what an advisor was working with

Rate Exposure
Separate PDF report, generated weekly
Credit Quality
Spreadsheet, maintained manually
Concentration
Third system, no connection to the others

Three disconnected systems. No ranked view. No way to know who needed attention without checking each client manually.

03 · Current State

One client. Six tabs. No cross-portfolio view.

The existing tool showed one client at a time across six separate tabs. To check rate exposure across all 200 clients: open Tab 3 (Risk Metrics), review, close, open the next client. Repeat 199 times. That's the 40-minute baseline. Most advisors had given up and exported to Excel instead.

BEFORE · Meridian Advisor Portal 2.3 · composite mockup of current-state workflow
Dashboard
Clients
Reports
Admin
Overview
Portfolio
Risk Metrics
Holdings Detail
Compliance
Trade History
Notes
◀ PreviousClient 43 of 200 ⚠ 1 compliance flag pendingNext ▶
RISK METRICS · WILLIAM MORRISON
Interest Rate SensitivityHIGH · 0.84
Credit Rating (wtd avg)BBB– · WATCH
HY Allocation23.4% · OVER LIMIT
Largest Single PositionMSFT 18.1% · OVER LIMIT
To identify all over-exposed clients: repeat this for clients 1–200, one at a time. ≈ 40 minutes.
  • Every client loaded the same way. The tool had no concept of priority or ranking.
  • Risk data sat in different tabs per client. No side-by-side comparison across the book.
  • To find all over-exposed clients on rate risk: open 200 records, check Tab 3 on each, make notes.
  • Most advisors had stopped using it for this. They exported to Excel every morning and built their own filters.

04 · Approach

One table. Three risk factors. Sorted by who needs attention.

The insight was simple: advisors don't need a dashboard, they need a ranked list. If the most at-risk client is always at the top, you know in seconds who to call. The design work was in figuring out what "at-risk" means across three dimensions, and how to show that without overwhelming anyone.

I computed a composite risk score per client using three factors: rate exposure (duration risk relative to the benchmark), credit quality (weighted average credit rating across the portfolio), and concentration (single-name or sector exposure above threshold). Each factor normalizes independently so the overall score is a fair composite, not a sum dominated by one dimension.

  • Sorted table: highest composite risk at the top, always, on load
  • Sortable by any single dimension. Click a column header to isolate a risk type.
  • Filter by threshold: hide everyone below a risk level so you only see the accounts that matter today
  • Drill-down panel on row click: full position breakdown without leaving the table
  • 200 generated clients with real variance so the sort and filter interactions have to actually work
≈
Rate Exposure
Portfolio duration vs. benchmark. Clients with long-duration fixed income in a rising-rate environment surface first.
◈
Credit Quality
Weighted average credit rating across all positions. Below-investment-grade exposure flags immediately.
▲
Concentration
Single-name or sector weight above threshold. High concentration is often invisible until it isn't.

05 · Design Decisions

Three calls that shaped the whole thing.

01

A table, not a dashboard

What I did

The primary view is a sortable table, not a collection of cards, not a grid of charts, not a dashboard with tiles.

Why

Advisors already work in tabular contexts. Spreadsheets, CRMs, report exports. A familiar scan pattern reduces training time and cognitive load. A dashboard requires learning a new spatial grammar; a table requires recognizing a pattern you already know.

What I'd do differently

I'd want to test with advisors who work primarily on tablets or smaller displays. The table starts to get compressed below certain viewport widths and I haven't solved the mobile view.

02

Three risk dimensions, not more

What I did

Rate exposure, credit quality, and concentration. Those three. Nothing else in the primary view.

Why

These cover the three things that keep advisors up at night in private wealth: duration risk when rates move, credit blowups, and concentration that looks fine until it doesn't. Adding more dimensions creates scan overhead without adding decision value.

What I'd do differently

I'd want to talk to advisors about what regularly surprises them. Liquidity exposure, currency risk, ESG constraints. Any of those might deserve a slot. I don't know without asking.

03

Generated data, not mockups

What I did

200 clients with realistic variance across all three risk factors. The prototype runs on real computed data.

Why

Static mockups let you cheat the UX. If the sort and filter work on a list where someone chose which 8 clients to show, you learn nothing. 200 clients with realistic spread means the table actually needs to sort correctly, the scores have to make sense, and the drill-down has to render sensibly even for the boring cases in the middle of the distribution.

What I'd do differently

The data right now is uniformly well-formed. Real advisor books aren't. That gap is where the next version of this prototype needs to go.

06 · Live Prototype

The full risk console. 200 clients. Fully interactive.

Pick a risk factor: Rate, Credit, or Concentration. Sort by any column. Filter to over-exposed clients only. Click any row to open the drill-down panel with the full position breakdown. The data is generated; the interactions are real.

Risk Exposure Console200 clients · as of 2026-08-20
Fictional data · concept prototype
60over threshold
$1585MAUM at risk
47avg rate risk score
Showing 200 of 200 clients
30dLast Reviewed
Susan Whitfield
CLT-192
35.5
96
↓12026-08-20
Susan Tanaka
CLT-132
47.6
94
↓42026-05-31
Richard Walsh
CLT-111
11.9
93
↓42026-06-09
Susan Patel
CLT-072
9.9
92
↓32026-06-23
Robert Morrison
CLT-003
45.4
91
—2026-08-11
Patricia Tanaka
CLT-122
47.4
91
↑72026-08-17
Joseph Robertson
CLT-153
12.0
91
↑12026-07-24
Patricia Okafor
CLT-042
18.7
90
↓62026-08-05
Patricia Morrison
CLT-002
47.0
88
↑32026-08-10
Joseph Patel
CLT-073
13.4
88
—2026-06-10
Robert Tanaka
CLT-123
28.9
88
↓32026-08-09
Robert Whitfield
CLT-183
15.2
88
↓82026-07-13
Joseph Morrison
CLT-013
42.5
87
↓32026-07-07
Joseph Okafor
CLT-053
1.7
87
↓12026-06-04
Richard Reinholt
CLT-091
45.2
86
↓22026-07-27
James Tanaka
CLT-121
21.2
86
↓32026-08-13
Richard Patel
CLT-071
9.8
85
↑82026-06-06
Joseph Walsh
CLT-113
11.4
85
↓52026-07-02
Susan Reinholt
CLT-092
27.9
84
↓22026-05-26
James Morrison
CLT-001
30.5
83
↑62026-05-30
Richard Robertson
CLT-151
24.0
83
↓12026-05-28
Patricia Garza
CLT-162
39.3
83
↑62026-06-16
Susan Morrison
CLT-012
47.3
82
↑12026-08-18
Robert Chen
CLT-023
25.3
82
↓42026-06-16
Richard Garza
CLT-171
39.8
82
↑52026-07-10
Joseph Reinholt
CLT-093
43.8
81
↑22026-05-28
James Whitfield
CLT-181
22.1
81
↓52026-06-19
Robert Garza
CLT-163
23.5
80
↑22026-05-25
Richard Okafor
CLT-051
3.2
79
↓22026-07-01
James Walsh
CLT-101
12.0
79
↑32026-07-04
James Robertson
CLT-141
6.6
79
↑92026-06-23
James Chen
CLT-021
39.6
78
↑42026-07-02
James Patel
CLT-061
34.0
78
↓12026-06-21
Robert Robertson
CLT-143
22.9
78
↓42026-05-26
Richard Tanaka
CLT-131
28.2
77
↓22026-07-18
James Okafor
CLT-041
3.9
76
↑52026-07-08
Richard Whitfield
CLT-191
42.6
76
↑52026-05-30
Patricia Chen
CLT-022
43.4
75
↓72026-06-21
James Garza
CLT-161
36.1
75
↓42026-08-02
Richard Chen
CLT-031
36.2
74
↑72026-07-08
Patricia Reinholt
CLT-082
12.4
74
↓92026-07-08
Robert Walsh
CLT-103
27.7
74
↓12026-08-05
Joseph Garza
CLT-173
29.4
74
↑62026-05-23
Robert Reinholt
CLT-083
40.5
73
↓62026-06-07
Richard Morrison
CLT-011
18.0
72
↓82026-06-20
Susan Okafor
CLT-052
16.1
72
↑12026-05-24
Susan Walsh
CLT-112
30.1
72
↓12026-06-14
James Reinholt
CLT-081
27.4
71
↑52026-08-17
Patricia Walsh
CLT-102
7.9
71
↑42026-08-16
Susan Robertson
CLT-152
40.9
71
—2026-07-28
Susan Garza
CLT-172
4.7
71
↓82026-06-20
Joseph Whitfield
CLT-193
16.2
71
↓72026-07-26
Joseph Chen
CLT-033
11.9
70
↑72026-06-06
Robert Patel
CLT-063
43.2
70
↑52026-06-08
Patricia Robertson
CLT-142
41.6
70
↓72026-07-23
Susan Chen
CLT-032
9.9
69
↑12026-08-15
Robert Okafor
CLT-043
22.9
69
↑12026-06-03
Patricia Patel
CLT-062
23.4
68
↑72026-07-08
Patricia Whitfield
CLT-182
27.0
68
↑72026-08-10
Joseph Tanaka
CLT-133
37.0
67
↑52026-05-30
Thomas Okafor
CLT-055
6.7
62
↑52026-08-16
Jennifer Garza
CLT-164
21.0
62
↑32026-07-13
Jennifer Patel
CLT-064
28.1
61
↑72026-08-16
Jennifer Walsh
CLT-104
33.4
60
↑82026-05-28
Linda Walsh
CLT-106
45.9
60
↑92026-08-06
David Patel
CLT-069
34.5
59
↓32026-06-14
Mary Patel
CLT-074
30.9
58
↓82026-07-23
Michael Reinholt
CLT-085
21.2
58
↑12026-08-10
Elizabeth Robertson
CLT-150
30.4
58
↑32026-06-24
David Okafor
CLT-049
26.6
57
↓52026-07-25
Lisa Robertson
CLT-160
38.8
57
↓12026-07-19
Mary Morrison
CLT-014
14.8
56
↓92026-07-04
Lisa Morrison
CLT-020
25.9
56
↑22026-07-02
William Chen
CLT-027
44.1
56
↑42026-05-31
David Chen
CLT-029
44.9
55
↓52026-08-01
Christopher Chen
CLT-039
25.8
55
↑82026-05-27
Barbara Walsh
CLT-108
17.3
55
↓22026-08-12
William Garza
CLT-167
37.5
55
↑12026-07-27
Karen Whitfield
CLT-196
4.9
55
↑22026-07-05
Charles Reinholt
CLT-097
26.0
54
↑22026-08-16
Thomas Robertson
CLT-155
24.9
53
↑62026-06-25
Linda Patel
CLT-066
9.7
52
↓52026-07-29
Elizabeth Walsh
CLT-110
40.1
52
↓62026-08-05
Karen Robertson
CLT-156
11.4
52
↑12026-06-30
Linda Chen
CLT-026
43.4
51
↓32026-08-20
Christopher Patel
CLT-079
16.7
51
↓32026-06-13
Jennifer Okafor
CLT-044
23.0
50
↑32026-08-05
Karen Reinholt
CLT-096
11.5
50
↓42026-06-01
Jennifer Chen
CLT-024
42.8
49
↑92026-06-15
William Patel
CLT-067
29.4
49
↓62026-08-11
Charles Chen
CLT-037
5.1
48
↓92026-08-07
Thomas Reinholt
CLT-095
17.5
48
—2026-08-19
Jennifer Robertson
CLT-144
26.7
48
↑72026-05-30
Thomas Whitfield
CLT-195
27.0
48
↑22026-06-23
Sarah Morrison
CLT-018
46.1
47
↓72026-07-18
Linda Okafor
CLT-046
10.9
47
↑52026-08-19
Barbara Okafor
CLT-048
7.0
47
↓12026-06-26
Michael Robertson
CLT-145
32.5
47
↑42026-07-16
Thomas Garza
CLT-175
1.5
47
↑92026-08-14
Mary Whitfield
CLT-194
22.6
47
—2026-07-29
William Robertson
CLT-147
39.4
46
↑12026-07-20
Mary Garza
CLT-174
9.1
46
↓72026-05-29
Jennifer Morrison
CLT-004
10.8
45
↓42026-08-16
David Morrison
CLT-009
24.0
45
↑42026-06-07
Elizabeth Okafor
CLT-050
17.7
45
↑12026-07-28
Sarah Walsh
CLT-118
9.1
45
↑52026-07-01
Mary Tanaka
CLT-134
35.2
45
↑52026-05-24
David Robertson
CLT-149
30.2
45
↑22026-08-12
Christopher Robertson
CLT-159
5.0
45
↑72026-06-05
Thomas Morrison
CLT-015
35.2
44
↑82026-07-15
Mary Chen
CLT-034
35.8
44
↑62026-06-25
Karen Okafor
CLT-056
35.4
44
↑12026-08-11
Lisa Okafor
CLT-060
24.0
44
↓62026-07-05
Mary Reinholt
CLT-094
5.3
44
↓62026-07-25
Linda Tanaka
CLT-126
16.4
44
↑42026-06-16
Sarah Garza
CLT-178
33.0
43
↓52026-05-31
Karen Patel
CLT-076
8.0
42
↑42026-07-12
William Reinholt
CLT-087
8.5
42
↓32026-06-13
Mary Okafor
CLT-054
12.2
41
↑62026-07-22
Christopher Okafor
CLT-059
43.8
41
↑82026-07-29
Linda Robertson
CLT-146
16.3
41
↑12026-07-25
Elizabeth Garza
CLT-170
9.7
41
↓42026-08-13
Sarah Okafor
CLT-058
35.9
40
↓32026-06-29
David Walsh
CLT-109
30.0
40
↓32026-07-04
Christopher Morrison
CLT-019
21.9
39
↑22026-08-05
Elizabeth Reinholt
CLT-090
31.7
39
↓12026-06-17
Barbara Tanaka
CLT-128
7.1
38
↑52026-07-30
Jennifer Whitfield
CLT-184
47.1
36
↑22026-07-02
Sarah Whitfield
CLT-198
4.6
36
↑42026-06-24
Barbara Chen
CLT-028
2.3
34
↑82026-07-02
Charles Walsh
CLT-117
14.6
34
↑22026-07-11
Michael Morrison
CLT-005
39.9
33
↑12026-08-17
Karen Tanaka
CLT-136
39.0
33
↑22026-08-19
Sarah Chen
CLT-038
8.2
32
↑82026-06-26
Lisa Chen
CLT-040
37.9
32
↑12026-06-18
Jennifer Reinholt
CLT-084
46.7
32
↓92026-08-13
Michael Whitfield
CLT-185
43.8
32
—2026-07-22
Michael Okafor
CLT-045
43.6
31
↓22026-08-07
Sarah Tanaka
CLT-138
7.1
31
↑92026-08-07
Karen Chen
CLT-036
36.4
30
↑12026-05-25
David Reinholt
CLT-089
3.6
30
↑32026-07-28
Sarah Reinholt
CLT-098
9.0
30
—2026-06-11
William Walsh
CLT-107
8.5
29
↓82026-05-27
Michael Patel
CLT-065
42.6
28
↑12026-06-22
Barbara Reinholt
CLT-088
29.0
27
↓22026-06-26
William Whitfield
CLT-187
41.3
27
↓42026-08-09
Elizabeth Whitfield
CLT-190
15.0
27
↓72026-06-27
Linda Garza
CLT-166
43.2
26
↑52026-06-06
Jennifer Tanaka
CLT-124
46.5
25
↑82026-07-23
Michael Tanaka
CLT-125
10.3
25
↑32026-06-13
Michael Chen
CLT-025
34.1
24
↓92026-07-20
Linda Reinholt
CLT-086
20.2
24
↑12026-06-23
Sarah Robertson
CLT-158
42.1
24
↑72026-06-06
Elizabeth Tanaka
CLT-130
14.4
23
↑22026-08-14
Christopher Tanaka
CLT-139
26.7
23
↓72026-07-03
Elizabeth Chen
CLT-030
36.2
22
—2026-06-09
Thomas Chen
CLT-035
19.9
22
↓32026-05-29
Charles Okafor
CLT-057
21.6
22
↓62026-06-12
Charles Garza
CLT-177
9.9
22
↓52026-05-25
Lisa Patel
CLT-080
36.3
21
↓72026-08-01
Lisa Walsh
CLT-120
40.8
21
↑62026-08-05
David Tanaka
CLT-129
15.0
21
↓62026-07-30
Karen Morrison
CLT-016
11.5
20
↑22026-08-11
Linda Morrison
CLT-006
45.2
18
↓52026-07-25
Sarah Patel
CLT-078
24.4
18
↓32026-07-02
Mary Walsh
CLT-114
4.1
18
↓42026-05-27
David Garza
CLT-169
24.8
18
↓82026-06-11
Christopher Reinholt
CLT-099
7.3
17
↑52026-08-03
Lisa Garza
CLT-180
42.4
17
↑22026-06-08
Elizabeth Patel
CLT-070
39.0
16
↑42026-07-07
Michael Garza
CLT-165
14.3
16
↑22026-06-06
Lisa Whitfield
CLT-200
16.9
16
↓22026-07-10
Barbara Patel
CLT-068
44.8
14
↓42026-07-02
Lisa Reinholt
CLT-100
34.2
13
↓42026-08-18
Thomas Patel
CLT-075
24.4
12
↑62026-08-20
Mary Robertson
CLT-154
13.0
11
↓72026-08-14
Barbara Garza
CLT-168
31.7
11
↓42026-06-20
Barbara Whitfield
CLT-188
8.6
11
↑92026-07-02
Karen Walsh
CLT-116
17.3
10
↑42026-07-12
Charles Whitfield
CLT-197
1.3
10
↓32026-06-15
Barbara Robertson
CLT-148
25.5
9
—2026-07-21
Christopher Garza
CLT-179
25.0
9
↑22026-06-05
Linda Whitfield
CLT-186
44.3
9
↑32026-07-24
Barbara Morrison
CLT-008
11.8
8
↓32026-08-14
Charles Robertson
CLT-157
40.6
8
↑22026-08-15
Christopher Walsh
CLT-119
27.1
7
↓12026-08-01
Thomas Tanaka
CLT-135
8.5
7
↓22026-08-11
David Whitfield
CLT-189
3.2
7
↑82026-08-19
Christopher Whitfield
CLT-199
17.6
6
↑82026-07-30
Elizabeth Morrison
CLT-010
14.8
4
↑52026-06-01
Charles Morrison
CLT-017
22.8
3
↓52026-07-17
Charles Patel
CLT-077
40.5
3
↑12026-08-10
Charles Tanaka
CLT-137
44.4
3
↓22026-08-05
William Morrison
CLT-007
6.2
2
↑42026-06-27
William Okafor
CLT-047
37.7
2
—2026-08-10
William Tanaka
CLT-127
17.7
2
↓62026-07-04
Lisa Tanaka
CLT-140
25.2
2
↑82026-06-02
Thomas Walsh
CLT-115
45.4
1
↑52026-07-23
Michael Walsh
CLT-105
8.2
0
↑92026-06-15
Karen Garza
CLT-176
33.8
0
↓92026-08-13

Select a client to view risk detail

Built in React · 200 generated clients · sort, filter, and drill-down all work

07 · Edge Cases

Four scenarios the prototype had to handle.

The prototype uses clean generated data, but real advisor books don't look like that. These are the four scenarios I thought through explicitly — each one breaks the default UI assumptions.

At-threshold client
Scenario

A client sits at exactly 15% concentration — right on the limit, not over it.

The problem

The default sort puts this client mid-table. But an advisor who just raised the limit last quarter needs to know this client is one trade away from a flag.

What I did

Show a "near limit" indicator distinct from "over limit." The row color stays neutral; a thin amber border signals proximity without triggering alarm.

UI · Concentration column
R. Alvarez
23.4%OVER LIMIT
W. Morrison
15.0%NEAR LIMIT
C. Okafor
9.1%
Missing data
Scenario

A client has no credit rating data — bond positions exist but ratings are unresolved.

The problem

The composite score can't be computed. Treating a null as zero makes this client look safe. Hiding them from the table makes them invisible.

What I did

Surface the client with a "Data incomplete" badge and a dash in the credit column. They stay in the sort, ranked conservatively, until the data resolves.

UI · Credit quality column
T. Lindqvist
BB–
S. Osei
—DATA INCOMPLETE
P. Nakamura
A+
Zero risk in one dimension
Scenario

A client holds only short-duration treasuries — rate exposure is effectively zero.

The problem

If rate exposure is 0.00, a bar chart or score card looks broken. "0" reads as missing. "Very low" is ambiguous.

What I did

Show a filled bar at minimum width with a "None" label. Zero is a valid, meaningful state and the UI needs to say so explicitly.

UI · Rate exposure bar
R. Alvarez0.84
C. Park0.41
M. JohanssonNone
Empty state (all filtered out)
Scenario

An advisor sets the risk threshold filter high enough that no clients meet it.

The problem

A blank table with no explanation is alarming. Did something break? Is the data still loading?

What I did

Show an explicit empty state: "No clients above this threshold" with the current filter value visible. The message is the outcome — a clean book is good news, not an error.

UI · Empty state
✓
No clients above this threshold
Filter: composite risk > 0.80 · 0 of 200 clients match
Lower the threshold to see more clients

08 · Reflection

The hardest call was what not to show.

The first version had a lot more on screen: a risk breakdown chart per client in the table row, a heatmap view, a timeline showing how each client's composite score had changed over the quarter. It looked thorough. It made the right decisions invisible.

The table got stripped back until the most at-risk client was unmistakably at the top and everything else was secondary. Information density in risk tooling is a design trap: more data feels safer, but it delays the moment the advisor knows who to call. The entire point is to reduce that delay.

01

What this is and isn't

Meridian is a design exercise, not a shipped product. The 40 min → 30 sec figure is a design target based on task analysis, not measured data from a deployed system. If this were going to production, I'd want to validate that claim against actual advisor behavior.

02

What I'd do next

The prototype is missing two things: a notification layer (tell the advisor when a client crosses a threshold without them having to come looking) and a comparison view (how does this client's risk profile compare to similar clients in the book). Both are obvious next steps.

On self-initiated work

The advantage of a concept project is that there's no product manager to negotiate with about scope. The disadvantage is the same thing. Without a real user and a real deadline, the edges stay soft. I kept the scope narrow on purpose. One problem, one view, one decision per risk factor. The goal was to have something clear to say rather than something comprehensive to show.